PJM Transmission Practice Test

These questions are part of the practice quiz. Start practicing

• How does reactive supply behave in relation to voltage under excessive loading?
• What is the required notification for a Data Planned Outage?
• What is the purpose of a Maximum Generation / Load Management Alert?
• What information must be stated during a PJM All Call?
• If a PJM member's EMS becomes unavailable, what do some members do?
• What is the frequency bias setting as a percentage of load?
• How much load is typically required to restore frequency by 1 Hz?
• What is the time indicated for post-contingency standard transfer limitations?
• What is the maximum duration for a voltage limit post-contingency when normal conditions are in effect?
• During system restoration, which strategy is used to maintain frequency above 59.5 Hz?
• What is the response time for procedures when actual voltage is less than the normal voltage limit?
• What is the intention of the Post Contingency Local Load Relief Warning?
• What is a primary characteristic of a dynamic reserve?
• When should outages exceeding 30 days be submitted for use in the annual FTR auction?
• How long is the limit for post-contingency thermal limits during a load dump?
• What is the potential consequence of a post-contingency event in a transmission system?
• What does DLR stand for in the context of PJM Transmission?
• How much advance notice is needed for an ICCP Data Link outage request?
• What does a Voltage Reduction Alert indicate?
• Outages scheduled for the following planning year that exceed how many days must be submitted via e-DART?
• What is a key requirement for reporting voltage changes associated with a transformer tap position?
• What is the minimum connected load per mile for a 500kV/765 kV line that is energized?
• Which of the following is NOT a component of Synchronized Reserve?
• What describes the cranking path in the context of transmission systems?
• For post-contingency thermal limits under normal conditions, what is the specified duration?
• How quickly must a PJM Member notify the control room about an equipment loss of ≥ 100 kV?
• What types of generators typically require a voltage schedule?
• What is the primary reserve requirement based on?
• What does the Performance Assessment Interval measure?
• How quickly should a black start unit be brought online in emergency conditions?
• Synchronous Reserve is primarily used to maintain frequency above what level?
• How often should updates be provided in the transmission restoration report?
• What is the slow scan rate for dispatch control valves, security monitoring, and data tracking?
• What is typically the response to a system status indicating potential reliability issues?
• If ICCP links and EMS analysis tools fail, what state are they considered to be in?
• How many hours of run time must Black starter resource operators maintain fuel for?
• Dynamic reserves can be characterized as which of the following?
• What are the options for a member when their control center is non-functional?
• PCLLRW should be implemented for post-contingency exceedances lasting how many minutes?
• What defines dynamic instability in a power system?
• What occurs to a Transmission Outage Ticket once it is approved?
• What type of reserve is required to return an area to a pre-contingency state?
• What should be done if voltages are decaying to the load dump limit?
• What is the immediate action to take in the event of a maximum generation request?
• What impact does phase angle exceeding 90 degrees have on a power system?
• What is the definition of eDart in the context of transmission tickets?
• What is a common consequence of not properly managing external load losses?
• Which pre-contingency thermal limit has the shortest duration for load dump?
• What duration of outage should be avoided during Peak according to transmission operation standards?
• A Reactive Reserve Check (RRC) includes which of the following components?
• Each Member Transmission Owner must have a plan for loss of control center functionality that includes what?
• What is the expected outcome of issuing a Voltage Reduction Warning?
• What does dynamic stability refer to in the context of generators?
• How long can pre-contingency thermal limits be sustained during an emergency?
• If voltage levels are under emergency conditions, how quickly must remedial actions be taken?
• During system restoration, capacitor banks should remain off until what percentage of the load is restored?
• What must be reported if there is a change in flow of ≥ 100 MW at ≥ 500 kV?
• What is the notice period required for updating on all transmission outages that are within 5 days?
• In case of facility outages, how soon after should a notification be given for facilities rated 345 kV and below after taking them out?
• What type of flows must be reported if there is a change of ≥ 25 MW?
• What does EHV stand for in transmission terminology?
• What does EEA2 refer to in PJM operations?
• In terms of power dynamics, what does lower voltage imply about current?
• Under what condition is a Manual Load Dump Warning issued?
• In relation to voltage limits during pre-contingency, what is the maximum time allowed for high voltage situations?
• What is the main purpose of the Heavy Load Voltage Schedule Warning?
• What happens to reactive supply as voltage increases?
• What does Dynamic Reserve consist of in terms of generator and system load?
• What does a synchronized reserve relate to in terms of contingency?
• The amount of Dynamic Reserve in an area must be sufficient for what purpose?
• What threshold characterizes pre-contingency conditions during emergencies?
• What is the appropriate response to exceeding normal limits during a load dump?
• What is the method used to notify other PJM member companies of an outage for systems operating at 500kV or above?
• What is typically required for Generators during emergency response actions?
• In a Delta connection (3-phase power), what is true about the neutral?
• What situation indicates a maximum generation alert?
• What is the required notice for Generator Reactive Testing ticket submission?
• What is essential for a Transmission Owner's plan regarding loss of function?
• In a pre-contingency situation, what time frame is indicated for transfer limits?
• What is the primary reason for having a performance assessment?
• What percentage should frequency relaying not exceed when considering dynamic reserve?
• What regular assessment must be conducted if PJM's systems are down?
• Which system configuration is recommended for optimal cooling during operation?
• How much notice is typically given for (Pre) Emergency Load Management Reduction Action?
• What should PJM do with non-firm transactions not willing to pay congestion?
• What triggers a Primary Reserve Alert?
• How frequently does the assessment occur during the Performance Assessment Interval?
• What is the purpose of a Hotline ticket request?
• What problem is identified by excessive rotor angle swings?
• What is the purpose of the Post-Contingency Local Load Relief Warning?
• What is an advantage of a Blocking Carrier Scheme?
• What is the maximum time allowed for a load dump post-contingency?
• What is the required time to notify members after discovering a loss of interpersonal communication for more than 30 minutes?
• What is the established procedure if the IROL limit is exceeded?
• What is the restoration frequency range for transmission systems?
• For facility outages rated 500 kV and above, how long before should notifications be sent?
• Which of the following is NOT one of the emergency procedure levels?
• Which action is associated with addressing an IROL violation?
• To maintain system integrity, what is one method for managing generator operations during low frequency events?
• How long does a Transmission Owner have to notify PJM of a communication capability failure that lasts 30 minutes or longer?
• What is affected by the relationship between voltage and current in a transmission system?
• What is the action taken to increase generation in emergency situations?
• How many Black Start resources must be allocated to each transmission zone with a critical load requirement?
• As the loading on a line increases, what happens to the heat generated in the line?
• What does the pre-contingency transfer limit warning indicate?
• When there is a loss of external load, ACE typically does what?
• What happens to lines flowing towards a station when a line flowing towards it is lost?
• What does a unit start-up notification signify?
• If available primary reserve capacity is less than the largest operating generator, what should PJM issue?
• Which procedure is NOT part of emergency actions taken by PJM?
• Synchronized Reserve must be available within how many minutes for generation loading?
• What is the correct response time for load dump in pre-contingency situations according to limits?
• How does an increase in line loading affect I²R losses?
• What happens during a forced outage?
• When a line flowing out of a station is lost, what will happen to other lines flowing out of that station?
• What does effective communication during outages enhance within PJM member companies?
• A battery bank lasts how many hours?
• What is the duration for handling load dump under post-contingency conditions?
• What change is recommended regarding the reactive transfer back off limit during a Low Voltage Alert?
• What is the fast scan rate for ACE and regulation megawatt values?
• In pre-contingency scenarios, how long can normal voltage limits be maintained?
• What does an Emergency mandatory load management reduction action aim to achieve?
• How much lower should the emergency rating be compared to the Load Dump Rating?
• Under emergency voltage limits in pre-contingency, what is the maximum allowed duration?
• If a 6-day outage begins in October, when must it be submitted to be considered on time?
• What is the primary purpose of the Emergency Voluntary Energy Only Demand Response Reduction Action?
• Which factors contribute to heavy load alerts in electric systems?
• What is the maximum duration for post-contingency thermal limits during an emergency?
• What is a potential outcome when a generator experiences transient instability?
• What should you press to acknowledge receipt of a message during a PJM All Call?
• What is a critical parameter when monitoring the demand on generators?
• What type of reserve must be carried to cover the largest energy contingency?
• What action should be taken during emergency conditions for demand response customers?
• How often is satellite phone testing required?
• What high temperature usually results from short circuits or grounds in windings?
• What is the Load Pick Up Factor for fossil steam?
• A power system fault typically decreases ________ and increases __________.
• What is the role of the Emergency Procedures Posting Application?
• Which type of data is included in the OASIS network?
• Which type of reserve allows a subsystem to recover quickly from contingencies?
• At what high frequency do generators typically trip?
• What is the impact on frequency and ACE during a loss of internal load?
• Which high temperature can indicate a potential issue in the cooling systems?
• How long may a load dump last under post-contingency rules?
• At what low frequency do generators typically trip?
• What is the Load Pick Up Factor for hydro generation?
• If all generator resources are needed immediately, what action should be taken?
• When does PJM assess selected double contingencies?
• What is the notification time required before taking a facility outage for 500 kV and above?
• What action is taken when the IROL limit has been exceeded for 5 minutes or longer?
• What is the role of Dynamic Reserve in PJM Transmission?
• What do PARs primarily manage in PJM?
• What is characterized by the ability of the system to withstand small changes without loss of synchronization?
• In what scenario is immediate action required for a transmission outage?
• How quickly must load be shed during an IROL load shed action?
• What is the Synchronized Reserve Requirement based on?
• Which action would typically be taken FIRST to control a reactive transfer limit?
• An Elevated Threat Alert warns of what type of threat?
• What is the typical forced outage rate considered in Black Start critical load requirements?
• Which relay type is most suitable for quick fault detection in transmission lines?
• What is the minimum amount of generation required for an energized 500/765 kV line?
• How many levels of emergency procedures are there?
• What is the voltage limit for emergency post-contingency situations?
• A generator is typically connected to the power system through which type of transformer?
• Which statement regarding priority loads is true?
• What are load pickup factors based on?
• What component is characterized by voltage leading current?
• What type of signal does a Guard (piloting relay) provide?
• What is the deadline for submitting an outage request that is more than 5 days away?
• If frequency decreases due to external generation loss, what will remain constant?
• Which stability type assesses the generation's ability against disturbances over time?
• How long are updates required for data outages without planned events?
• What is the purpose of curtailing non-essential building load?
• Which of the following scenarios leads to active control of reactive power flow?
• In the event of a loss of external generation, what occurs to frequency and ACE?
• What type of signal is associated with the TRIP (piloting relay)?
• How is the adherence to voltage limits described during emergency pre-contingency situations?
• When there is a loss of external load, what happens to frequency and ACE?
• Which of the following best describes the outcome of a load pickup factor exceeding the safe operating level?
• A 500kV line loaded at 250 MW primarily acts as what?
• What is the sampling rate of the PJM Super Phasor Data Concentrator (SPDC)?
• What percentage is required for Black Start resources to meet the critical load requirement?
• What is the minimum voltage level mentioned for EHV substations?
• Which principle is primarily affected when voltage drops in a power system?
• What function does eDart serve in communication among dispatchers?
• What frequency is considered ideal before restoring a block of load?
• What is the maximum time before an ICCP failure is considered to be in an unknown state?
• What does OASIS stand for in the context of PJM?
• What refers to the ability of generation to remain in synchrony following severe disturbances?
• What percentage is reflective of the minimum load required in a frequency bias setting?
• Which set of EMS quality codes indicates a valid reading?
• What kind of indicators can suggest excessive loading on windings?
• What might a Transmission Owner be required to do if an EHV substation RTU becomes unavailable?
• What is required of PJM dispatchers concerning actual flows during emergencies?
• For a transmission outage request submitted under the one month rule, when must it be provided?
• What is the implication of primary reserves falling below the specified requirement?
• Which voltage configuration is likely necessary for black start generators?
• How can you increase the reactive reserves of a generator?
• What should be done if a generator frequency rises above 61.75 Hz?
• No more than what percentage of the total dynamic reserve can consist of load with under frequency relay protection?
• If PJM's monitoring systems are unavailable for longer than 15 minutes, what may they notify TOs of?
• What does the action of deploying all resources involve?
• What is the time limit for pre-contingency thermal limits under normal conditions?
• How long is the duration that applies to normal post-contingency voltage limits?
• What is the allowed duration for a load dump in pre-contingency thermal limits?
• What is the purpose of adjusting tap changers in PJM operations?
• During system restoration, what frequency must be maintained above by shedding load?
• For outages related to data, what notification is issued shortly before the outage?
• What is a common action taken during the PJM All Call?
• What is the maximum load percentage that should not be restored at once according to PJM guidelines?
• What is the notification requirement for a planned RTU outage?
• How many hours prior should a Heavy Load Voltage Schedule Warning be sent before implementation?
• What does RRC stand for in relation to total MVAR values?
• Which of the following is NOT considered a critical load?
• What are the primary reserves primarily comprised of?
• What action is indicated by EEA3?
• What is the maximum response time for high voltage conditions?
• Which type of relaying is commonly used for transformer protection?
• What voltage classification defines Extra High Voltage?
• What should be done when the actual voltage drops below the load dump low voltage limit?
• What does a telemetry failure indicate according to EMS quality codes?
• In a Wye connection (3-phase power), how are the coils connected?
• If a 500 kV line operates at 495 kV with a 200 kV capacitor, what voltage is effectively received?
• Who is responsible for following a voltage schedule provided by the local TO or PJM?
• If there is a loss of major generation, how frequently should updates be provided?
• Which configuration of cooling fans is indicated for operations requiring oil circulation?
• What does a (Pre) Emergency Load Management Reduction Action provide?
• What does PCLLRW stand for?
• What are the two types of emergency ratings in transmission systems?
• What does the Imminent Threat Alert warn against?
• For a 5-day outage starting in June, by when must the notice be submitted to be considered on time?
• What is the restoration voltage range for effective transmission operation?
• Which of the following is NOT a function of eDart systems?
• What immediate action is required under the post-contingency transfer limit warning at 95%?
• What is the term for relaying that depends on communication between line terminals?
• What method allows for the natural circulation of oil through radiators?
• How long does it take to respond to a post-contingency emergency voltage limit?
• What aspect does the 6 month rule for outage requests emphasize?
• What is the voltage requirement for generators that necessitate a voltage schedule?
• What indicates a potential failure in cooling systems?
• What is commonly done to enhance cooling during high-load operations?
• What is the voltage limit for immediate action in pre-contingency scenarios?
• What percentage is the Load Pick Up Factor for CT’s (Combustion Turbines)?
• Under what condition is a Geomagnetic Disturbance Action cancelled?
• When reducing voltage on the distribution side, how much should it typically be reduced?
• What is the required update duration for changes in 500/345/230 kV tap positions?
• How many business days in advance must eDart tickets be submitted?
• What does 'TERM' refer to in transmission systems?
• For Point to Point Validation, how much notice is required?
• Wide-area voltage violations occur at transfer levels near which limit?
• What is included in secondary reserves?
• What is the required notice for a transmission outage due to an equipment problem or trip?
• PJM dispatchers must return actual flows below emergency ratings within how many minutes?
• What is the expected action for PJM members upon receiving emergency alerts?
• What is the minimum generation requirement for connection at 230 kV or higher?
• What is the desired relief timeframe that PJM members should aim for?
• What is a Remedial Action Scheme (RAS) designed to do?
• What is the action taken after a manual load dump is issued?
• What indicates that an eDart ticket is listed as unavailable with respect to SE MVAR?
• What is the SIL loading capacity mentioned for a 500 kV line?
• Increased load on a circuit causes lower voltage at the remote end. Which of the following actions will increase this voltage?
• What happens to reactive losses as current increases?
• What is the regulation requirement as a percentage of load?
• Which event would most likely trigger a need for Black Start resources?
• What must be checked if a transmission outage was caused by tree contact?
• What is the role of capacitor banks during system load restoration?
• What is the update frequency for information regarding a loss of major generation?
• The Heavy Load Voltage Schedule Action is issued during what condition?
• What happens to frequency and ACE when there is a loss of internal generation?
• Which component is associated with current leading voltage?
• What is the minimum kV level for bus voltages that must be reported in the PJM system?
• What is the most common connection type on the BES?
• What is indicated by a Voltage Reduction Warning?
• In the event of an unplanned data outage, how soon should an update be issued?
• PJM will operate without violating which voltage rating on a continuous basis?
• What percentage threshold should not be exceeded when restoring blocks of load relative to total synchronized generating capability?
• Which is the top priority of outages?
• Which of the following best describes planned outages?
• What is the minimum time to return voltage levels to normal after they fall below the emergency low voltage limit?
• Which of the following components are included to manage voltage in PJM?
• What is the specified duration for normal voltage limits during pre-contingency?
• What condition is described by steady state instability?
• During a heavy load voltage schedule action, which voltage levels should increase MVAR output?
• If switching will last more than one hour, what must be included in the equipment list according to eDart requirements?
• What is the update frequency required in case of an RTU failure?
• Which of the following is primarily monitored in an EMS quality code?
• For facility outages rated 345 kV and below, what is the notification period prior to a planned outage?
• When must a transmission ticket for a vegetation trip be reported to NERC?
• How often must the outage assessments be communicated to associated dispatchers?
• When is a Primary Reserve Warning issued?
• How is EMS data exchange conducted between PJM and members?
• A Geomagnetic Disturbance Warning is issued at what severity level or greater?
• How should a Post-Contingency Local Load Relief Warning be communicated?
• What is typically required when there is a failure in the TO analysis program?
• What happens to reactive losses when line loading is above Surge Impedance Loading (SIL)?
• What aspect is essential for the restoration of the transmission system?
• A nuclear plant is required to submit a notice for outage how many weeks in advance?
• What is the minimum frequency for updating measurement data in the PJM system?
• What is a primary action taken when congestion occurs in PJM?
• PJM specifies that reactive resources of what voltage must be switched at their direction?
• What action should be taken after a PJM All Call if you want to repeat the message?
• Synchronous Reserve can consist of which of the following?
• What voltage rating must not be violated following a simulated facility or failure according to PJM?
• What is the minimum time frame for giving notice of a transmission outage that is 5 days or less?
• Which of the following measures is crucial for maintaining system stability?
• Which frequency indicates a critical threshold that should be monitored to prevent generator issues?
• What does N/A indicate regarding post-contingency thermal limits under normal conditions?
• What kind of flow must be monitored at a capability of ≥ 25 MW?