Which of the following components are included to manage voltage in PJM?

Managing voltage in transmission systems is critical for maintaining system reliability and ensuring equipment operates safely and efficiently. The correct response highlights the roles of capacitors and reactors.

Caps, or capacitors, are used to supply reactive power, which can help raise the voltage in a local area when demand is high or voltage levels drop. This makes them essential for voltage support, particularly in systems where voltage stability is a concern. Conversely, reactors, or inductors, absorb reactive power, which can help lower voltage levels when they are excessively high. Together, these components play a vital role in fine-tuning voltage levels throughout the transmission network.

Other components listed serve different functions. Transformers are primarily used to change voltage levels between different parts of the system, but they don't actively manage voltage in terms of reactive power. Switchgear is designed for the protection and control of electrical equipment rather than direct voltage management. Breakers primarily serve the function of interrupting current flow during fault conditions to protect the system. While these components contribute to overall system stability, they do not directly manage voltage in the way that capacitors and reactors do.