Synchronous Reserve can consist of which of the following?

Synchronous Reserve refers to the capacity of generating resources that can be called upon to respond quickly to short-term fluctuations in demand or to provide backup in case of unexpected generation loss. The key characteristic of synchronous reserve is the ability to respond rapidly and effectively to system needs, ensuring that the balance between supply and demand is maintained.

The correct choice highlights online generation that can be fully loaded within 10 minutes. This capability is crucial for synchronous reserves because it allows for immediate response to sudden changes in system conditions, such as a loss of generation from another source or an unexpected surge in demand. The 10-minute timeframe ensures that the generation can ramp up to provide the necessary power to stabilize the grid efficiently.

In contrast, other options either reflect longer response times or different types of reserves. For instance, online generation with a loading time of 30 minutes and generation that can be activated within an hour would not fulfill the immediate operational requirements of synchronous reserves. Similarly, load that can be shed manually within 5 minutes deals with demand-side management rather than generation-side capacity, making it less relevant in the context of synchronous reserves.