PJM dispatchers must return actual flows below emergency ratings within how many minutes?

PJM dispatchers are required to return actual flows to below emergency ratings within a specific timeframe to ensure the reliability and stability of the transmission system. In this case, the correct answer indicates that they must achieve this within 15 minutes. This is critical as it allows for a rapid response to prevent potential outages or system failures that could arise from exceeding emergency ratings. Timely management of transmission flows is essential to maintain safe operating conditions and to comply with operational standards set forth by regulatory bodies. This 15-minute window is designed to balance the need for immediate corrective actions with the operational realities of managing complex electrical systems, thus prioritizing grid reliability and safety.