Which event would most likely trigger a need for Black Start resources?

The need for Black Start resources is typically associated with a severe disturbance in the power system, such as a significant outage or system collapse. In a Black Start scenario, the transmission and generation resources must be brought back online without relying on external power from the grid, as the grid is down. This involves restarting critical generation facilities to restore power and stabilize the system.

A severe disturbance can result from various factors, such as catastrophic failures, natural disasters, or cascading outages, leading to a total or partial loss of grid functionality. Black Start resources are specifically designed for these situations, as they are equipped to operate independently and can provide the necessary power to commence the process of system restoration.

In contrast, routine maintenance, energy redistribution, and voltage regulation issues do not typically necessitate the use of Black Start resources, as they do not lead to a complete or partial loss of grid operation that requires a total power restoration effort.